Horse Genetics and History

Horse Genetics and History

When it comes to genetics, the horse’s DNA has been extensively researched, and all horse DNA has been traced back to one main stallion that all modern day horses came from. Researchers have also discovered that a horses DNA is extremely diverse. One suggestion to explain this unusual diversity is horses were domesticated in more than one location and from different wild herds.

Researchers have extensively studied the DNA make up of today’s thoroughbred horse. This research has looked so closely into the genetic line, it has even isolated the exact genetic trait that was able to produce the thoroughbreds speed and agility. When isolating the thoroughbred horses genes, researchers looked at DNA from hundreds of horses, so extensive was the tracing of the genetics they could be traced back to a single mare.

Research into the Thoroughbred gene have mapped the entire horse genome. It contains 2.7 million DNA base pairs, which is much larger than a dog but smaller than the human genome. All thoroughbred horses have been successfully traced back to three foundation stallions. Early exacting Thoroughbred breeding records have been carefully recorded since 1791.

Recently with the huge advances in testing DNA, a horse fossil and remains were unearthed in permafrost in the Yukon. The ancient bones had enough microscopic material for researchers to retrieve enough DNA for extensive testing. With this important data, researchers were able to map this ancient horse genome, with this ancient genetic map in hand, researchers were able to compare the genetics to five modern domestic horse breeds and a modern donkey.

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